ABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction Despite the developing technology of cochlear implants (CIs), implanted prelingual hearing-impaired children exhibit variable speech processing outcomes. When these children match in personal and implant-related criteria, the CI outcome variability could be related to higher-order cognitive impairment. Objectives To evaluate different domains of cognitive function in good versus poor CI performers using a multidisciplinary approach and to find the relationship between these functions and different levels of speech processing. Methods This observational, cross-sectional study used the word recognition score (WRS) test to categorize 40 children with CIs into 20 good (WRS/65%) and 20 poor performers (WRS < 65%). All participants were examined for speech processing at different levels (auditory processing and spoken language) and cognitive functioning using (1) verbal tests (verbal component of Stanford-Binet intelligence [SBIS], auditory memory, auditory vigilance, and P300); and (2) performance tasks (performance components of SBIS, and trail making test). Results The outcomes of speech processing at different functional levels and both domains of cognitive function were analyzed and correlated. Speech processing was impaired significantly in poor CI performers. This group also showed a significant cognitive function deficit, in which the verbal abilities were more affected (in 93.5%) than in the good performers (in 69.5%). Moreover, cognitive function revealed a significant correlation and predictive effect on the CI speech outcomes. Conclusion Cognitive function impairment represented an important factor that underlies the variable speech proficiency in cochlear-implanted children. A multidisciplinary evaluation of cognitive function would provide a comprehensive overview to improve training strategies.
ABSTRACT
Abstract The study aims to investigate associations between adverse childhood psychosocial exposures and declarative memory, language, and executive function in adults with secondary schooling or more and without dementia. In 361 participants from the Pró-Saúde Study, we estimated associations between maternal educational attainment, principal source of the family´s income, food insecurity, and childhood family structure and performance in learning, word recall, and semantic and phonemic verbal fluency tests using multiple linear regression models. Individuals whose mother was the family breadwinner (mean difference: -1.97, 95%CI: -3.27; -0.72) and head-of-household (mean difference: -1.62, 95%CI: -2.89; -0.35) or who lived with a non-parental caregiver or in institutions in childhood (mean difference: -2.19, 95%CI: -4.29; -0.09) showed a reduction in the mean number of words in language and memory in adulthood. The results provide further evidence of the effect of adverse exposures in childhood. Without effective interventions, such exposures are likely to have far-reaching impacts on cognition.
Resumo Nosso objetivo é investigar as associações de exposições psicossociais adversas na infância com memória declarativa, linguagem e função executiva em adultos livres de demência com ensino médio completo ou mais. Em 361 participantes do Estudo Pró-Saúde estimamos as associações entre escolaridade materna, principal apoio financeiro familiar, insegurança alimentar e estrutura familiar na infância com o desempenho no teste de aprendizagem e evocação de palavras, e fluência verbal semântica e fonêmica usando modelos de regressão linear múltipla. Ter a mãe como principal suporte financeiro familiar (diferença média: -1,97, IC95%: -3,27; -0,72) e ter morado apenas com ela (diferença média: -1,62, IC95%: -2,89; -0,35) ou outra pessoa/ser institucionalizado (diferença média: -2,19, IC95%: -4,29; -0,09) na infância permaneceu associada à uma redução na média de palavras nos testes de linguagem e memória na vida adulta. Nossos achados adicionam mais evidências sobre o efeito de exposições na infância que, sem intervenções apropriadas, provavelmente terão legados de longo alcance na cognição.
ABSTRACT
The role of white matter of brain has always been neglected by scholars.With the development of neuroimaging technology,the role of white matter has attracted increasing attention.Perioperative neurocognitive disorders have been a hot issue in the research on anesthesia,and recent studies have suggested that white matter may be involved in the effects of general anesthetics on cognitive function.This paper reviews the progress in the relationship between white matter,general anesthesia,and cognitive function from clinical practice and research,aiming to provide new ideas for the research on the mechanism.
Subject(s)
White Matter , Cognition , Brain , Neuroimaging , Anesthesia, GeneralABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the correlation between cognitive function and addiction, impulsivity, and anhedonia in adolescent depressive disorder patients with self-injury behavior.Methods:From September 2021 to October 2022, adolescents with depressive disorders who visited the outpatient department of the Qingdao Mental Health Center were enrolled and divided into self-injury group and non self-injury group based on the presence or absence of self-injury behaviors, each with 60 participants.A self-compiled general information questionnaire, the 17 items Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD-17), the Ottawa self-injury inventory (OSI), the Chinese version of the Barratt impulsiveness scale (BIS-11), and the temporal experience of pleasure scale(TEPS) were used to evaluate both groups.The Chinese brief cognitive test(C-BCT) was used to assess cognitive function in both groups.SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis, including t-test, χ2 test, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis. Results:The self-injury group had higher scores for OSI addiction factors (9.43±8.29) and BIS-11 (67.09±11.48) compared to the non self-injury group (OSI addiction factor scores: 0, BIS-11 scores: 53.70±7.12, t=6.22, 5.91, both P<0.05). TEPS score and C-BCT scores in various dimensions were lower in the self-injury group than those in the non self-injury group ( t=-2.93, -2.01, -2.88, -2.20, -5.35, all P<0.05). Information processing speed was negatively correlated with BIS-11 score ( r=-0.296, P<0.05), and attention score were negatively correlated with OSI addiction factor score and BIS-11 score ( r=-0.303, -0.561, both P<0.05) and positively correlated with TEPS score ( r=0.364, P<0.05), including a positive correlation with the scale of anticipatory anhedonia score ( r=0.318, P<0.05). Working memory score was negatively correlated with OSI addiction factor score and BIS-11 score ( r=-0.312, -0.416, both P<0.05). Comprehensive ability and executive function scores were negatively correlated with OSI addiction factor score and BIS-11 score ( r=-0.308, -0.679, both P<0.05), and positively correlated with TEPS score ( r=0.304, P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that BIS-11 scores were influencing factors of C-BCT dimensions ( β=-0.260, -0.592, -0.557, -1.797, t=-2.150, -3.314, -2.285, -5.165, all P<0.05). Conclusion:In adolescent depressive patients with self-injury, cognitive function is correlated with addiction, impulsivity and anhedonia, among which impulsivity is a risk factor for cognitive function.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the impact of cognitive function and childhood trauma in individuals with clinical high risk of psychosis (CHR).Methods:From June 2017 to September 2022, a total of 62 individuals with CHR(CHR group) were screened by structured interviews with psychiatric risk syndrome (SIPS) at Beijing Anding Hospital, and 61 healthy controls(healthy control group) matched in gender, age, and educational years were recruited. All participants were evaluated by the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ) and the Chinese version of the MATRICS consensus cognitive test battery (MCCB). Differences in cognitive function and childhood trauma between the two groups were compared by R4.1.1 software, and the correlation between cognitive function and childhood trauma in the CHR group was analyzed.Results:The scores of MCCB composite score (41.46±6.97), information processing speed (40.20±8.40), attention vigilance (40.92±11.00), working memory (41.09±9.97), verbal learning, and visual learning of CHR group were significantly lower than those of healthy controls(MCCB composite score(46.26±7.64), information processing speed(45.83±8.36), attention vigilance(46.30±9.57), working memory(46.18±8.49)), and with statistically significant differences ( t=-3.73--2.03, P<0.05). The total CTQ score, emotional abuse, physical abuse, and physical neglect factor scores of the CHR group (40.0 (36.0, 50.8), 7.5 (6.0, 10.0), 5.0 (5.0, 7.0), 9.0 (7.0, 11.0)) were significantly higher than those of the healthy control group (34.0 (31.0, 40.0), 6.0 (5.0, 8.0), 5.0 (5.0, 6.0), 9.0 (6.0, 10.0) ) ( Z=-4.07--2.06, P<0.05). In the CHR group, the total score of childhood trauma and the score of physical abuse factors were negatively correlated with working memory ( r=-0.29, -0.28, P<0.05), and the total score of cognitive function, attention vigilance, and word learning were negatively correlated with physical neglect ( r=-0.28, -0.26, -0.31, P<0.05). After partial correlation analysis using gender, age, years of education, and total SIPS score as covariates, the aforementioned correlation remained significant. Conclusion:CHR individuals have multiple cognitive deficits, and childhood trauma is more serious. Childhood trauma, especially physical trauma, may affect the cognitive function of CHR individuals.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of the Bushen Jianpi Kaixin formula on the learning and memory ability of Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats.Method:A total of 72 SPF grade male SD rats were divided into control group, model group, Bushen group, Jianpi group, Kaixin group and Bushen Jianpi Kaixin group according to the random number table method ( n=12 in each group). The rats were intraperitoneally injected with D-galactose once a day for 6 weeks to replicate the model of AD.And the rats in different medication groups were given corresponding administration (Bushen formula: gavage 3.60 g·kg -1·d -1, Jianpi formula: gavage 4.05 g·kg -1·d -1, Kaixin formula: gavage 2.34 g·kg -1·d -1, Bushen Jianpi Kaixin formula: gavage 9.99 g·kg -1·d -1), while rats in control group and model group were treated with equal volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution once a day for 28 days.The learning and memory ability was tested by Morris water maze.The expressions of phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K), protein kinase B(Akt) and mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) in cerebral cortical tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry.The relative mRNA levels of p62 and Beclin in brain cortical tissue were detected by RT-PCR.SPSS 25.0 software was used for data processing, one-way ANOVA was used for inter group comparisons, and LSD test was used for further pairwise comparisons. Results:Morris water maze results showed statistically significant differences in escape latency and the times of crossing platform among the six groups ( F=368.10, 47.43, both P<0.01). The escape latency of Bushen Jianpi Kaixin group((29.30±1.64) s) was shorter than that of model group((55.58±3.23) s) ( P<0.01), the times of crossing platform ((5.17±0.72) times) in Bushen Jianpi Kaixin group was higher than that of model group (1.50±0.52)time, P<0.01). Compared with the Bushen Jianpi Kaixin group, the escape latencies of Bushen group, Jianpi group and Kaixin group were longer (all P<0.01), the times of crossing platform in Bushen group was lower ( P<0.01). Immunohistochemical results showed statistically significant differences in the positive protein expression of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR proteins among the six groups ( F=68.52, 22.22, 31.52, all P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the levels of positive protein of PI3K ((0.47±0.15), (0.57±0.12)), Akt ((0.31±0.02), (0.38±0.02)), and mTOR ((0.22±0.18), (0.28±0.11)) in Bushen Jianpi Kaixin group were less (all P<0.01). Compared with the Bushen Jianpi Kaixin group, the levels of positive protein of PI3K and mTOR of Bushen group, Jianpi group and Kaixin group were higher (all P<0.01). RT-PCR results showed statistically significant differences in the relative mRNA levels of Beclin and p62 among all the groups ( F=8.79, 21.01, both P<0.01). The relative mRNA level of Beclin in Bushen Jianpi Kaixin group was higher than that of the model group ((0.97±0.07), (0.64±0.12)), and the relative mRNA level of p62 of Bushen Jianpi Kaixin group was less than that of model group((0.98±0.16), (1.16±0.24))(both P<0.01). The relative mRNA levels of p62 in Bushen group, Jianpi group and Kaixin group were higer than those of Bushen Jianpi Kaixin group (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Bushen Jianpi Kaixin formula can improve cognitive impairment and learning and memory ability in AD model rats.The mechanism may be related to the regulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR autophagy pathway.The combination prescription is better than the split prescription.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the possible role and mechanism of purinergic ligand-gated ion channel 7(P2X7)/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3) inflammasome pathway in cognitive impairment induced by sleep deprivation (SD)mice.Methods:SPF grade male C57BL / 6J mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into 3 groups according to the random number table method with 6 mice in each group.They were normal control group (CC group), SD group and SD+ P2X7 receptor antagonist brilliant blue G(BBG) group (SD+ BBG group). Modified multiple platform method was used to establish a 5-day SD model in mice.During the SD intervention period, the mice in SD+ BBG group were injected with BBG(50 mg/kg) intraperitoneally once a day, while the mice in CC group and SD group were injected with the same volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution.Morris water maze was conducted to evaluate the cognitive function of mice.The protein expression levels of P2X7, NLRP3, caspase-1, apoptosis-associated proteins(ASC) and interleukin-1β(IL-1β) in hippocampus were detected by Western blot.RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), IL-1β, interleukin-18(IL-18) and microglial polarization surface markers CD206 and CD86 in hippocampus.Graph pad Prism 8.0 software and SPSS 25.0 software were used for statistical analysis and mapping.Results:(1) The interaction effect between time and groups of escape latency in three groups of mice was significant ( F=15.76, P<0.001). From the 2nd to 5th day, the escape latencies of mice in SD group were higher than those of CC group, while the escape latencies of mice in SD+ BBG group were lower than those of SD group (all P<0.05). (2)The results of the space exploration experiment showed that there were statistically significant differences in target quadrant residence time and the times of crossing the platform( F=6.65, P=0.009; F=12.39, P<0.001). The target quadrant residence time ((23.42±0.55) s) and times of crossing the platform ((17.67±0.71) times) of the SD group were both lower than those of the CC group ((29.48±1.78) s, (23.33±0.95) times) (both P<0.05), while the target quadrant residence time ((28.62±1.19) s) and the times of crossing the platforms ((21.33±0.76) times) of the SD+ BBG group were both higher than those of the SD group (both P<0.05). (3)There were statistically significant differences in the protein levels of inflammatory related proteins such as P2X7, NLRP3, caspase-1, ASC and IL-1β in the hippocampus of mice among the 3 groups( F=8.23, 8.97, 8.45, 54.42, 8.12, all P<0.05). Compared with CC group, the protein levels of P2X7 ((0.93±0.02), (0.71±0.04)), NLRP3 ((0.97±0.04), (0.62±0.09)), caspase-1 ((1.00±0.03), (0.76±0.07)), ASC ((0.96±0.02), (0.77±0.04)) and IL-1β ((0.85±0.07), (0.54±0.04)) in SD group were all higher (all P<0.05). Compared with SD group, the protein levels of P2X7 (0.74±0.05), NLRP3 (0.78±0.02), caspase-1 (0.74±0.04), ASC (0.67±0.02), IL-1β (0.53±0.07) in SD+ BBG group were all lower (all P<0.05). (4)There were statistically significant differences in the mRNA levels of IL-18, IL-1β, TNF-α, CD86 and CD206 in hippocampus among the three groups ( F=12.80, 12.28, 105.80, 7.06, 30.19, all P<0.05). The mRNA levels of IL-18, IL-1β, TNF-α, CD86 in SD group were all higher than those in CC group(all P<0.05), while the mRNA level of CD206 in SD group was lower than that in CC group( P<0.05). Compared with SD group, the mRNA levels of IL-18, IL-1β, TNF-α, CD86 were lower in SD+ BBG group (all P<0.05), while the CD206 mRNA level of SD+ BBG group was higher than that in SD group( P<0.05). Conclusion:SD intervention can lead to cognitive impairment and increased expression of P2X7 in hippocampus of mice, which may be related to the activation of P2X7/ NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway, promoting the polarization of microglia into pro-inflammatory type and up-regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.Inhibition of P2X7 can improve the cognitive function of mice.
ABSTRACT
Turner syndrome is a disease resulted from the complete or partial loss of an X chromosome, and the typical karyotype is 45, X. Patients with Turner syndrome are susceptible to many medical problems, including short stature, congenital agenesis of ovaries and cognitive function impairment. More specifically, recent studies reported that these patients’ brain structure and brain function are different with normal people, especially in the occipital area, the amygdala, the prefrontal cortex and temporal lobe.And they also show a particular pattern of cognitive impairment(including visuospatial ability, abstract reasoning and excutive function) and social impairment and an increased risk of specific neurodevelopmental disorders. Additionally, haploinsufficiency of escape genes, gonadal steroid deficiency and failure to express parentally imprinted genes may contribute to the differences in brain structure and brain function between these patients and normal people, causing cognitive and social impairment in patients with Turner syndrome. This study reviewed the alterations and biological mechanisms in brain structure, brain function and cognitive profile in patients with Turner syndrome.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the mediating role of self-perceptions of aging between frailty and cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults.Methods:From February to July 2021, a total of 528 elderly people in Xinxiang community were investigated with the frailty phenotype, the brief self-perceptions ageing questionnaire and the Mini-mental state examination(MMSE) scale.According to the MMSE total score and education level, the subjects were divided into cognitive impairment group (illiteracy≤17, primary school≤20, junior high school and above≤24, n=74) and cognitive normal group( n=454). SPSS 25.0 software was used for common method deviation test, descriptive statistics and correlation analysis, while AMOS 24.0 software was used to build structural equation model and Bootstrap method was used for intermediary effect test. Results:(1)The prevalence of cognitive impairment among the elderly in the community was 14.1%. The differences between the cognitively normal group and cognitively impaired group were statistically significant in terms of age, education, number of chronic diseases suffered and depression ( χ2=59.21, 6.53, 9.84, 25.47, all P<0.05). The differences were statistically significant in terms of frailty( χ2=75.65, P<0.001) and self-perceptions of aging ( t=77.67, P<0.001). (2)Self-perceptions of aging in the cognitively impaired group (47.39±8.66) was higher than that in the cognitively normal group (38.22±8.24) ( t=77.67, P<0.001) .Frailty score in cognitively impaired group (2.00 (1.00, 3.00)) was higher than that in the cognitively normal group (0.00 (0.00, 1.00))( Z=-8.63, P<0.001) . (3)Frailty was negatively correlated with cognitive function ( r=-0.492, P<0.01), and positively correlated with self-perceptions of aging ( r=0.540, P<0.01). Self-perceptions of aging was negatively correlated with cognitive function ( r=-0.541, P<0.01) . After controlling the influencing factors such as age, education level, chronic diseases and depression, the correlation was still significant (all P<0.01) . (4) Self-perceptions of aging played a partially mediating role in the relationship between frailty and cognitive function, the mediating effect accounted for 58.5% of the total effect. Conclusion:Frailty and self-perceptions of aging have a significant impact on the cognitive function of the elderly in the community, and self-perceptions of aging plays a partial intermediary role between the frailty and cognitive function of the elderly in the community.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the effects of acute sleep fragmentation (SF) on cognitive function and the relationship between hippocampal Homer1a and synaptic plasticity in aged rats.Methods:One hundred and eight SPF grade male SD rats aged 22 to 24 months were divided into three groups according to random number table: control group (Control group), non-sleep fragmentation group (NSF group) and sleep fragmentation group (SF group), with 36 rats in each group.A sleep fragmentation model was established by sleep deprivation rod method.Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests were used to evaluate the learning and memory function of rats.Homer1a expression in hippocampus was detected by Western blot, and its distribution in CA1 area of hippocampus was observed by immunohistochemical staining.Golgi staining was used to observe the density of dendritic spines in CA1 area of hippocampus, and in vitro electrophysiological patch clamp test was used to detect the slope of field excitatory postsynaptic potential(fEPSP) from CA3 to CA1 in hippocampus.SPSS 22.0 and GraphPad Prism 9.3 softwares were used for data statistical analysis and mapping.One-way ANOVA was used for comparison among groups, and Tukey-Kramer test was used for further pairwise comparison. Results:(1)In the behavioral tests, there were statistical differences in the times of crossing the original platform, the target quadrant residence time and the new object recognition index at 1 h and 24 h among the three groups( F=13.63, 11.34, 21.26, 16.22, all P<0.01). The times of crossing the original platform in SF group((2.00±1.27) times) was lower than that of Control group ((5.67±2.16) times) and NSF group ((6.50±2.35) times) (both P<0.05). The target quadrant residence time in SF group ((9.02±4.84) s) was shorter than that in Control group ((24.73±7.37) s) and NSF group ((27.81±8.37)s) (both P<0.05). The new object recognition index at 1 h and 24 h in SF group were lower than those in Control group and NSF group (all P<0.05). (2) In Western blot assay, the expression of Homer1a protein in hippocampus of SF group(0.91±0.13) was higher than that of Control group(0.70±0.05) and NSF group(0.74±0.04)(both P<0.05). (3) In immunohistochemical staining, the optical density value of the Homer1a protein in CA1 area of hippocampus in the SF group was higher than that in the Control group and NSF group(both P<0.05). (4) In Golgi staining, the density of dendritic spines in CA1 area of hippocampus in SF group was lower than that in Control group and NSF group (both P<0.05). (5) In vitro electrophysiological test showed that the slope of fEPSP in CA3-CA1 area of hippocampus in SF group were lower than that in Control group and NSF group (both P<0.05). Conclusion:Acute SF intervention in aged rats can cause cognitive impairment, which may be associated with the inhibition of hippocampal synaptic plasticity induced by hippocampal Homer1a overexpression.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the relationship between self-perceptions of aging and cognitive function, and the mediating and moderating effect of loneliness among them.Methods:A multi-stage stratified sampling was conducted in Jinzhou from September to November 2021, and 318 community-based elderly were included.General data questionnaire, the brief ageing perceptions questionnaire (BAPQ), UCLA loneliness scale(UCLA-LS) and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) were applied to all subjects.IBM SPSS 25.0 software was used to conduct independent sample t-test, analysis of variance and Pearson correlation analysis, and Bootstrap program of AMOS 22.0 was used to analyze the mediation effect.The model in SPSSAU on-line analysis program was used to test the moderating effect. Results:The average scores of self-perceptions of aging, loneliness and cognitive function were (44.85±12.48), (41.70±8.73) and (24.87±3.40) respectively.And 65 of 318 subjects had cognitive impairment, and the detection rate was 20.44%(65/318). Self-perceptions of aging, loneliness and cognitive function scores were significantly correlated between each other(all P<0.05). Self-perceptions of aging had a negative effect on cognitive function ( β=-0.467, P<0.01). Self-perceptions of aging had a positive effect on loneliness ( β=0.585, P<0.01). Loneliness had a negative effect on cognitive function ( β=-0.234, P<0.01). The indirect standardization effect of loneliness between self-perceptions of aging and cognitive function was -0.137, and the mediating effect accounted for 22.68% of the total effect.Loneliness played a moderating role between self-perceptions of aging and cognitive function ( β=-0.114, t=-2.26, P=0.025). Conclusion:Self-perceptions of aging and loneliness can predict the cognitive function in the elderly, and loneliness plays a mediating role between self-perceptions of aging and cognitive function.Early detection of negative senility emotion and loneliness of the elderly will play a positive role in preventing the occurrence of cognitive impairment.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of butylphthalide combined with hyperbaric oxygen therapy on post-stroke cognitive impairment in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Methods:A total of 90 patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment who were hospitalized within 72 hours of onset in Suining County People's Hospital from December 2019 to November 2020 were included in this study. They were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group ( n = 45/group). The control group was given conventional treatment and the observation group was given butylphthalide combined with hyperbaric oxygen therapy in addition to conventional treatment. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, Montreal Cognitive Assessment score, and Activities of Daily Living score were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results:Before treatment, there were no significant differences in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, Montreal Cognitive Assessment score, and Activities of Daily Living score between the two groups (all P > 0.05). At 14 days and 1 month after surgery, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores in the observation group were (4.02 ± 2.18) points and (3.21 ± 2.03) points, which were significantly lower than (5.21 ± 2.24) points and (4.62 ± 2.68) points in the control group ( t =2.55, 2.81, both P < 0.05). At 1 and 3 months after treatment, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score in the observation group were (19.79 ± 5.67) points and (23.69 ± 2.67) points, which were significantly higher than (16.88 ± 5.12) points and (19.74 ± 2.29) points in the control group ( t = 2.56, 7.53, both P < 0.05). At 1 and 3 months after treatment, Activities of Daily Living scores in the observation group were (54.85 ± 5.69) points and (74.38 ± 4.98) points, which were significantly higher than (46.78 ± 6.24) points and (63.21 ± 5.24) points in the control group ( t = 6.41, 9.76, both P < 0.05). Conclusion:Butylphthalide combined with hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the treatment of post-stroke cognitive impairment in patients with acute ischemic stroke can alleviate neurologic deficits, and improve cognitive function and the ability of daily life.
ABSTRACT
【Objective】 To investigate changes in thalamus structure and function and their associations with cognitive impairment in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). 【Methods】 3D high-resolution structural imaging and resting-state fMRI were applied in 78 ALS patients and 49 healthy volunteers. The shape of the thalamus was assessed using a vortex analysis and functional connectivity between the thalamus subregion and cortex was evaluated by a seed-based correlation analysis. Partial correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between focal thalamus alterations and clinical assessments. 【Results】 Compared with the control group, vertex analysis showed significant atrophy in the prefrontal and temporal subregions of bilateral thalamus in the ALS group. Patients exhibited increased functional connectivity of motor-sensory ROI with the right motor cortex, of temporal ROI with the bilateral lateral occipital cortex, precuneus and right temporal subregion. In contrast, decreased function connectivity was found mainly between temporal ROI and paracingulate gyrus, left dorsomedial prefrontal lobe and left caudate. Partial correlation analysis showed that the functional connectivity of the precuneus, paracingulate cortex, left caudate nucleus and left prefrontal lobe was correlated with multiple cognitive performances. 【Conclusion】 Selective damage of thalamic structure and function in ALS plays an important role in cognitive and behavioral disorders.
ABSTRACT
BackgroundThe schizophrenia is majorly treated with drug and through physical therapy. However， both treatments would lead to adverse reactions， which could affect therapy adherence and treatment efficacy. Previous studies have shown that aerobic exercise can help alleviate cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease and depressive disorder. At present， little research has been done on such alleviation in schizophrenia patients. ObjectiveTo explore the effect of aerobic exercise on cognitive function in male patients with chronic schizophrenia， so as to provide references for relevant treatments. MethodsA total of 76 male patients with chronic schizophrenia hospitalized in the Fourth People's Hospital of Wuhu between December 2022 and April 2023 were selected as the study subjects and， in accordance with random number table， divided into study group （n=36） and control group （n=40）. Both groups received conventional drug treatment. On this basis， the study group received a 60-minute aerobic exercise 5 times a week for 8 weeks as intervention. Before and after intervention， assessment of cognitive function was performed by using MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery （MCCB） and Stroop Color Word Test （SCWT）. ResultAfter intervention， compared with the control group， the study group spent less time on finishing the Trail Making Test and scored higher in both the spatial span test and maze test （Z=-2.070， -2.306， -2.375， P<0.05）. Repeated measure ANOVA results showed that the time main effect of Hopkins Verbal Learning Test score was statistically significant in the two groups after intervention （F=39.067， P<0.05）. So was the interaction effect between the time and group of the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test and Verbal Fluency Test scores （F=10.092， 9.252， P<0.05）. After intervention， the scores of the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test and Verbal Fluency Test in the study group were higher than those in the control group （t=6.689， 4.249， P<0.05）. As for the study group itself， the scores were higher than those before intervention （t=23.746， 23.842， P<0.05）. After intervention， the numbers of correct reading in color test and word test in the study group were more than those in the control group （Z=-2.358， -2.771， P<0.05）. The interaction effect between the time and group of the reaction time in color test， word test and color word interference test were statistically significant in both groups （F=23.383， 19.888， 19.662， P<0.05）. After intervention， the reaction time in color test and color word interference test of the study group was shorter than those of the control group （t=4.895， 6.163， P<0.05）. As for the study group itself， the reaction time were shorter than before intervention （t=54.318， 42.425， 42.141， P<0.01）. ConclusionAerobic exercise may help alleviate the cognitive problems in male patients with chronic schizophrenia in terms of information processing speed， working memory， reasoning/problem solving ability， word learning and memorizing， visual learning and memorizing， and executive function. ［Funded by Wuhu Science and Technology Plan Project （number， 2021jc2-3）］
ABSTRACT
BackgroundCognitive impairment， a core clinical feature of schizophrenia， is considered to be associated with the aberrant functional connectivity in patients with schizophrenia， whereas previous studies on the characteristics of cognitive impairment in patients with chronic schizophrenia and its correlation with interhemispheric voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity （VMHC） are somewhat inadequate. ObjectiveTo investigate the characteristics of cognitive impairment in patients with chronic schizophrenia who are clinically stable on their antipsychotic medication， and to explore its correlation with resting-state interhemispheric VMHC， so as to provide theoretical basis for the identification of neurobiological mechanism possibly responsible for cognitive impairment in chronic schizophrenia. MethodsA total of 15 patients with chronic schizophrenia who met the criteria of the International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10） and hospitalized in Suzhou Guangji Hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were included. Another 15 healthy community-dwelling individuals were concurrently recruited. All participants were requested to complete the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale （PANSS）， Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status （RBANS） and resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging （rs-fMRI） scanning to evaluate their mental symptoms， cognitive function and interhemispheric functional connectivity. The rs-fMRI data were analyzed with VMHC method. Then Pearson correlation analysis was performed to examine the correlation between VMHC values of regions of interest and scores of RBANS and PANSS within patient group. ResultsPatient group obtained lower scores than control group based on RBANS immediate memory， visuospatial/constructional， language， attention and total score， with statistically significant differences （t=-2.853， -2.107， -5.576， -7.108， -5.354， P<0.05 or 0.01）. The VMHC values of left superior occipital gyrus （t=-5.188， P<0.05） and right cuneus （t=-5.188， P<0.05） in patient group were lower than those in control group， with statistical difference. Correlation analysis denoted that the VMHC values of left superior occipital gyrus （r=0.612， P=0.015） and right cuneus （r=0.612， P=0.015） were positively correlated with visuospatial/constructional index score in RBANS. ConclusionThe resting-state VMHC is abnormal in left superior occipital gyrus and right cuneus of patients with chronic schizophrenia， and yields a correlation with the visuospatial/constructional performance of patients. ［Funded by Suzhou Science and Technology Development Plan Project （number， SKJYD2021131； SKJY2021143）］
ABSTRACT
【Objective】 To explore the risk of Alzheimer′s disease (AD) transmitted by blood transfusion. 【Methods】 There were 10 APP/PS1 mice of 3, 6 and 9 months old, half female and half male, and the cognitive and behavioral abilities of C57 mice of the same age were measured, and the blood of the oldest APP/PS1 mice with no behavioral changes were collected to detect the contents of Aβ40 and Aβ42. The polymers Aβ40 and Aβ42 were prepared and Western blotting analysis was conducted. Kunming mice aged from 6 to 7 months were randomly divided into 6 groups (10 mice/ group, half male and half female). The blood of APP/PS1 mice was injected intravenously in experimental group 1-2(100 μL/mouse) with high frequency injection (3 times/week) and low frequency injection (1 time/week), respectively. In experimental group 3-4, Aβ40 and Aβ42 polymerized mixture (100 μL/mouse) were injected in high frequency and low frequency, respectively. The control group 1-2 was injected with the same amount of normal saline, with high frequency and low frequency, respectively. The above groups were injected for 4 weeks, and the cognitive and behavioral abilities were tested and analyzed one week after injection. Finally, the contents of Aβ40 and Aβ42 in blood of Kunming mice were detected. 【Results】 Change in cognitive and behavioral ability showed in 9 months old APP/PS1 mice, but not in 3 and 6 months old APP/PS1 mice. The contents of Aβ40 and Aβ42 (pg/mL) in blood of 6-7 months old APP/PS1 mice were 418.40±2.18 and 15.68±0.20, respectively. Except for monomers, most of the polymerized mixtures of Aβ40 and Aβ42 were dimers and trimers. In both high frequency and low frequency, Kunming mice transfused with blood of APP/PS1 mice (experimental group 1-2) showed a certain degree of anxiety-like behavior and short-term memory shortening in open-field test and conditioned fear test, but without significant difference. There was no significant difference in open field test, new object recognition, Barnes maze and cognitive behavior analysis of conditioned fear between experimental group 3-4 and the control group. The levels of blood Aβ40 and Aβ42(pg/mL) of Kunming mice detected by ELISA were 10.30±0.08 and 3.360±0.005, respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. 【Conclusion】 Blood transfusion of APP/PS1 mice and the mixture of Aβ40 and Aβ42 have no significant effect on the cognitive function of healthy Kunming mice in a short time, and the risk of AD transmission is relatively low.
ABSTRACT
Heat stress refers to a series of stress reactions such as heat balance disturbance and physiological dysfunction when the body is exposed to the thermal environment for a long time. Studies have found that heat stress can damage intestinal morphology, such as length of intestinal villi, number of goblet cells, and depth of the crypt, affecting the digestion and absorption functions. It also can increase the permeability of the intestinal barrier by damaging the tight junction of the intestinal epithelium, which in turn allows endotoxin and bacteria to enter the blood circulation from the intestinal cavity to cause a systemic inflammatory response. At the same time, heat stress can disrupt the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota, increase pathogenic bacteria, and change downstream metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids. In addition, heat stress can inhibit the occurrence of hippocampal neurons and reduce the number of neurons; decrease the density of synapses; damage important organelles of neurons; induce inflammation of the central nervous system, and then lead to cognitive dysfunction. The brain-gut axis is a two-way signal axis between the intestine and the brain. Intestinal microorganisms and the intestinal barrier can participate in central nervous system regulation, and the brain can change the intestinal homeostatic function and affect the quality of the intestinal barrier through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis). The interaction plays an essential role in the body's homeostasis. Therefore, this article reviewed current understandings on the impacts of heat stress on the gut and cognitive function, aiming to provide a reference for subsequent research.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effect midazolam combination with propofol on postoperative recovery in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods A total of 162 patients who were admitted to the hospital for laparoscopic cholecystectomy from April 2019 to January 2021 were selected. According to different anesthesia methods, they were divided into control group (midazolam anesthesia) and observation group (midazolam combined with propofol anesthesia), with 81 cases in each group. The stress index levels before and after operation, MoCA scores before operation (T0), 24 h after operation (T1) and 48 h after operation (T2), sleep quality at T0, the first day after operation (T3) and the second day after operation (T4), the perioperative recovery were compared between the two groups. Results The levels of Cor and NE, the recovery time of eyes opening, extubation, orientation, and the incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Observation group MMSE score when T1, T2, T3, T4 sleep quality score were higher than control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Midazolam combined with propofol was safe and had good postoperative recovery in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the influence of patients with multiple cerebral infarction complicated with vascular Parkinsonism (VaP) on cognitive function, and to provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with multiple cerebral infarction complicated with VaP. Methods A toatl of 206 patients with multiple cerebral infarction admitted to Ningde municipal hospital of ningde normal university from January 2020 to January 2022 were selected and divided into VaP group (n=58) and control group (n=148) according to whether they were complicated with VaP. Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) was used to evaluate the cognitive function of patients. The scale included 8 cognitive domains including attention and concentration, executive function, memory, language, visual structure skills, abstract thinking, calculation and orientation. Pearson was used to analyze the correlation between VaP and MoCA score in patients with multiple cerebral infarction. Age, sex, years of education, white matter disease, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease and other vascular risk factors were compared between the two groups. The independent risk factors for VaP in multiple cerebral infarction were analyzed by multiple linear regression. Results MoCA score in VaP group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05). In terms of each item, scores of attention and concentration, memory, language and computation in VaP group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that attention and concentration, memory, language and computational scores were correlated with VaP in patients with multiple cerebral infarction (r=-0.475, -0.314 , -0.302 , -0.389, P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in white matter lesions, lesion sites in left hemisphere and frontal lobe, diabetes mellitus and carotid artery plaque (P<0.05).White matter lesions (OR=2.571), diabetes mellitus (OR=2.369) and lesion location in the left hemisphere (OR=2.958) were independent risk factors for VaP in patients with multiple cerebral infarction (P<0.05). Conclusion The risk of VaP in multiple cerebral infarction is high, which is related to the cognitive function of patients. Early intervention such as brain function training should be given to patients with white matter lesions, diabetes and lesions in the left hemisphere. , can significantly improve patients' cognitive function and reduce the occurrence of VaP.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore any effect of repeated application of low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on depression and the cognition of depressed elderly persons.Methods:Eighty-six elderly persons with depression were randomly divided into an rTMS group and a control group, each of 43. In addition to anti-depressant treatment, the rTMS group was given 20 minutes of 1Hz rTMS daily applied over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, five times a week for 4 weeks. The control group was given sham treatment on the same schedule. Before the experiment and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of the treatment, depression in both groups was evaluated using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-24). At the 4- and 8-week evaluations the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the Trail Making Test Part A (TMT-A) were also administered.Results:Before the treatment there were no significant differences in the 2 groups′ average HAMD or WCST scores. At each subsequent evaluation both groups′ average HAMD score had decreased significantly. After 3 weeks the average HAMD score of the rTMS group consistently remained significantly lower than the control group′s average. At the 4- and 8-week evaluations both groups′ WCST and TMT-A scores had improved significantly compared with before the treatment, with significantly greater improvement in the rTMS group′s average WCST result, though not in their TPT-A result. There was no signi-ficant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the 2 groups.Conclusion:As a supplement to antidepressant treatment, right-side low-frequency rTMS can relieve depressive symptoms and improve the cognitive functioning of depressed elderly persons. It is well tolerated with few adverse reactions.